UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK Cymbopogon citratus DAN Alpinia purpurata TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Shigella sonnei
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the phytochemical content and potency of the ethanol extract of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) stem and red galangal rhizome (Alpinia purpurata) in inhibiting the growth of Shigella sonnei in vitro. Phytochemical testing of ethanol extract using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Antibacterial test was carried out by applying the Kirby Baeur disk diffusion method with swab technique with a series treatment of extract concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, positive control (tetracycline 20%), and negative control (DMSO 10%) with 5 replicates. From the results of phytochemical tests, showed that secondary metabolites of flavonoids and terpenoids were found in red galangal extract. While the lemongrass extract showed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. The ethanol extract of lemongrass stem and galangal rhizome potential as an antibacterial with the highest inhibitory activity obtained at a concentration of 50% in both lemongrass and galangal extracts, respectively 8.4 mm and 7 mm. The results of the antibacterial test showed that red galangal extract and lemongrass extract had phytochemical contents that could inhibited the growth of S. sonnei.
References
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Al-Enazi, N. M. (2018). Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of Alpinia and Convolvulus Plants. International Journal of Pharmacology, 14(3), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. (2016). Methods For In Vitro Evaluating Antimicrobial Activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPHA.2015.11.005
Cahyono, B., Suci Prihantini, C., Suzery, M., & Nurwahyu Bima, D. (2020). Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Kuersetin dan Ekstrak Lengkuas Menggunakan HPLC dan UV-Vis. Alchemy:Journal of Chemistry, 8(2), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V8I2.10594
Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4), 564–582. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.4.564
Febria, F. A., Rahmadeni, Y., & Bachtiar, A. (2021). Antibacterial Potential Ethanol Extract Of Kayu Racun Leaf (Rhinacanthus nasutus) Against Staphylococcus aureus And Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Dan IPA, 12(2), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.26418/JPMIPA.V12I2.46801
Ghosh, S., & Rangan, L. (2012). Alpinia: The Gold Mine Of Future Therapeutics. Biotech, 3(3), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13205-012-0089-X
Harborne, J. B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Bandung: Penerbit ITB.
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L., & Adelberg, E. A. (1996). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC.
Jenner, L., Starosta, A. L., Terry, D. S., Mikolajka, A., Filonava, L., Yusupov, M., Blanchard, S. C., Wilson, D. N., & Yusupova, G. (2013). Structural Basis For Potent Inhibitory Activity Of The Antibiotic Tigecycline During Protein Synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(10), 3812–3816. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.1216691110
Jovitta, C. J., Aswathi, S., & Suja, S. (2012). In-vitro Antioxidant And Phytochemical Screening Of Ethanolic Extract Of Alpinia purpurata. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 3(7), 2071–2074.
Kandoli, F., Pormes, O., Pangemanan, D. H. C., & Leman, M. A. (2016). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Bayam Petik (Amaranthus hybridus L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. E-GiGi, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.35790/EG.4.2.2016.14452
Kawengian, S. A. F., Wuisan, J., Leman, M. A. (2017). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Serai (Cymbopogon citratus L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. E-GiGi, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.35790/EG.5.1.2017.14736
Laksono, F. B., Fachriyah, E., & Kusrini, D. (2014). Isolasi dan Uji Antibakteri Senyawa Terpenoid Ekstrak N-Heksana Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata). Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 17(2), 37–42.
Lely, N., Nurhasana, F., & Azizah, M. (2017). Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Diare. Scientia : Jurnal Farmasi Dan Kesehatan, 7(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.36434/scientia.v7i1.104
Manvitha, K., & Bidya, B. (2014). Review on Pharmacology Activity of Cymbopogon citratus. Journal of Herbal Medical, 1(3), 5–7.
Nelson, M. L. (2016). Chemical and Biological Dynamics of Tetracyclines. Advances in Dental Research, 12(2), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/08959374980120011901
Nguyen, F., Starosta, A. L., Arenz, S., Sohmen, D., Dönhöfer, A., & Wilson, D. N. (2014). Tetracycline Antibiotics and Resistance Mechanisms. Biological Chemistry, 395(5), 559–575. https://doi.org/10.1515/HSZ-2013-0292
Ningrum, R. (2015). Identifikasi Senyawa Alkaloid Dari Batang Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Sebagai Bahan Ajar Biologi Untuk Sma Kelas X. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia, 2(3), 231-236.
Permatasari, G. (2013). Daya Hambat Perasan Daun Sirsak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Eschericia coli. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 2(2), 162–169.
Priyadi, M., Chusna, N., Indriani. (2021). Profil Fitokimia Ekstrak Etil Asetat Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda L.) dan Serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Jurnal Pharmascience, 8(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.20527/JPS.V8I1.9725
Raj, C. A., Ragavendran, P., Sophia, D., Rathi, M. A., & Gopalakrishnan, V. K. (2012). Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Alpinia purpurata. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 10(4), 263–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(12)60053-3
Ranjbar, R., Mahdi, M., Dallal, S., & Pourshafie, M. R. (2008). Epidemiology Of Shigellosis With Special Reference To Hospital Distribution Of Shigella Strains In Tehran. Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 3(1), 35–38. https://sid.ir/paper/313470/en
Tariq, S., Rizvi, S. F. A., & Anwar, U. (2018). Tetracycline: Classification, Structure Activity Relationship and Mechanism of Action as a Theranostic agent for Infectious Disease. Biomed Journal Science and Technology, 7(1), 5787–5796.
Torraca, V., Holt, K., & Mostowy, S. (2020). Shigella sonnei. Trends in Microbiology, 28(8), 696–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.011
Trivedi, M. K., Patil, S., Shettigar, H., Bairwa, K., & Jana, S. (2015). Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei after Biofield Treatment. Biotechnology & Biomaterials, 5(3), 1000196. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000196
Yeni, L. F., Mandasari, J., Kamelia, N., & Triana, D. (2022). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Talinum paniculatum Lokal Kalimantan Barat terhadap Shigella sonnei. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Biologi, 14(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.25134/QUAGGA.V14I1.5081
Yusro, F., Nanda Pranaka, R., Budiastutik, I., Mariani, Y. (2020). Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat oleh Masyarakat Sekitar Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Bukit Kelam, Kabupaten Sintang, Kalimantan Barat (The Utilization of Medicinal Plants by Communities around Bukit Kelam Nature Park, Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan). Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 8(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL28255-272
Yusuf, B. A. M., Osuntokun, O. T., & Solaja O O. (2013). Secondary metabolite Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy Profile of Bombax buonopozense P. Beauv. (Bombacaceae) Stem bark Extract. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 11(2), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-4385.2019.00016.5
