CODE-SWITCHING IN THE ENGLISH TEACHING  TO NON-ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS

Yusuf Al Arief; Siti Haniifah Husnul Khotimah

doi:10.31540/jeell.v2i1.233

Yusuf Al Arief Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Siti Haniifah Husnul Khotimah Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31540/jeell.v2i1.233

Keywords: Code-switching, tag-switching, intersentential-switching, intrasentential-switching, topic-switch, affective-function, and repetitive function

Abstract

Code-switching is a phenomenon studied in sociolinguistics. It exists in multilingual societies like in Indonesia, where people use more than one language to communicate including in classroom interaction, especially in the process of teaching English as a foreign language. This research aimed to find out the types and the functions of code-switching used by English lecturers in teaching English to Non-English Department Students at FKIP of Lambung Mangkurat University in the Academic Year of 2017/2018. This research was conducted through the descriptive-qualitative method. The subjects were the lecturers of English class for Non-English Department Students or Mata Kuliah Dasar Umum (MKDU) Bahasa Inggris Class. The researchers used observations and confirmed the results from the interviews. The data were analyzed by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The research result indicated that in the process of teaching English, the lecturers sometimes switched their languages: English, Bahasa Indonesia, Banjarese, and Arabic. There were three types of code-switching used by the lecturers which were tag-switching, intrasentential-switching, and intersentential switching. While for the function, there were three functions of code-switching used by the lecturers which were topic-switch, affective-function, and repetitive function. In conclusion, the lecturers switched their languages in some types and for various functions depending on the situation of their teaching activity and students’ need

References

Bokamba, E. 1989. Are there syntactic Constraints on code-mixing? World Englishes. 8 (3). Africa: Illonis Linguistics Publisher

Brown, H. Douglas. 2003. Language Assessment: Principle and Classroom Practice.New Jersey: Addison Wesley Longman Inc.

Castello, D. 2015. First Language Acquisition and Classroom Language Learning
Similarities and Differences. Boston: University of Birmingham

Creswell, J. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conduction, and Evaluation Quantitative and Qualitative Research 4th ed. Boston: Pearson Publisher.

Dornyei, Z. 2007. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Dykhanova, A. 2015. Functions of Code-Switching and Attitudes towards them: A Case Study of Eastern Mediterranean University: Dogu Aknezis University Publisher.

Erwin, S. 2016. 10 Ways Teachers Can Create a Positive Learning Environment.California: Free Spirit Publishing Ltd.

Fachriyah, 2017. The Functions of Code-Switching in an English Language Class. Banten: Serang Raya University. ISSN: 2755-2794

Fifi.2015. An Analysis on the Use of Code-Switching by Music Program Presenters in MTV VJs and BVoice Show from Binus University, Jakarta.

Flyman, A. 1997. Communication strategies in French as a foreign language. Lund: Lund University Publisher
Flyman, A and Burenhult, N. 1999. Code-switching in second language teaching of French. Lund: Lund University Publisher

Glaser BG, Strauss AL. 1992. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine

Hall. 2008. Classroom Interactions and Language Learning. Georgia: University of Georgia Publisher.

Heller, M. 2007. Bilingualism: A Social Approach. New York: Palgrave MacMillan

Jack R. Fraenkel., et al. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education the 8th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, 10020.

James H. Mcmillan. 1996. Educational Research Fundamentals for the
Consumer2nd Edition. United States of America: HarperCollins Publisher.

Holmes, J. 2003. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics the 4th Edition. New
York:Routledge Publisher.

Josiane F. Hamers and Michel H. A. Blanc. 2004. Bilinguality and Bilingualism
Second edition. London: Cambridge University Press.

Kharenunnisa. 2016 An EFL Teacher’s Code-Switching in a Young Learners’ Class. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics. Vol. 1 No.201 EISSN : 2503-4197, pISSN: 2527-507

Kothari, C, R. 2004. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd
Revised Ed).Jaipur: New Age International Publisher.

Kumar, P. 2012. Advanced Methods of Teaching. Bengaluru: Himalaya Publishing House.
Miles, M.B and A.M Huberman. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications

Mu’in, F & Sirajuddin, K. 2006. An Introduction Material for Sociolinguistics. Banjarmasin: PBS FKIP Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.

Mu’in, F., Dini, N.A., & Rosyi, A. 2018. Language in Oral Production Perspectives. Banjarmasin: CV.Rasi Terbit.ISBN: 978-602-6644-48-0

Norrish, J. 1997. english or English? Attitudes, Local Varieties, and English
language Teaching. TESL-EJ3, 1, 1-14.

Poplack, S. 1980. Sometimes I’ll Start a Sentence in Spanish Y TERMINO EN
ESPANOL: Toward a Typology of Code-Switching. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.

Richards, Jack, et al. 1992. Longman Dictionary of language teaching and Applied Linguistics. Harlow: Essex.

Saldana.2013. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84787-548-8.
Setiyadi, Ag, Bambang. 2006. Metode Penelitian untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Sugiyono. 2015. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung : Alfabeta Bandung Publisher.

Tej K. Bhatia, William C. Ritchie. 2012. The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism The 2nd Edition. New York: Wiley Blackwell.

Then D.C, Ting S, Thie. 2016. Researching Code-Switching in Teacher Language Society and Culture. Sarawak: Malaysia Language Society and Culture Paper Publisher. ISNN: 1327-174X

Tickoo M.L. 2009. Teaching and Learning, English. Hyderabad: Orient Black Swan.

TIM. 2017 Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar. Banjarmasin: Unit Micro Teaching dan Program Pengalaman Lapangan (UMTPPL) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Tom Hutchinson & Alan Waters. 1991. English for Specific Purposes. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ulfah, N, M. 2014. The Use of Code-Switching by English Teachers in Foreign Language Classroom. Makassar: Makassar Muhammadiyah University. Accessed on 26th February 2018. From http://www.academia.edu/11450523/THE_USE_OF_CODE_SWITCHING_BY_ENGLISH_TEACHER_IN_FOREIGN_LANGUAGE_CLASSROOM.
Van Dulm, O. 2015. Constraints on South African English-Afrikaans
Intrasentential Code-Switching: A Minimalist Approach. South African:
Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 31, 63-90.

Wardhaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Wei L, 2000. The Bilingualism Reader. London EC4P 4EE: Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane

Wu Shujing. 2013. Teachers’ Code-Switching in the ESP Classroom in China. Studies in Sociology of Science Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013, pp. 16-22.DOI:10.3968/j.sss.1923018420130404.2847.