EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis SECARA TUNGGAL DAN KOMBINASI
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and the ccombined effect of methanol extract of the ketepeng cina leaves (Cassia alata L.) with six selected plant extracts against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the diffusion and the paper strip methods at a concentration of 10% w/v. The results showed the average antibacterial activity of each extract showed the inhibitory growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The average value of the inhibition zones of the single extract samples of ketepeng cina, sambang darah, ruku-ruku, avocado seed, bungli, pacar air, and sungkai resulted in inhibition zones of 6.28±0.20 mm, 7.90±0.31 mm, 2.30±0.37 mm, 3,53±0.50 mm, 4.35±0.52 mm, and 4.69±0.17 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of methanol extract of ketepeng cina leaves (C. alata) with the six selected plants extract in an average diameter of inhibition zone greater than the average diameter of the inhibition zone of each extract. However, the average diameter of the inhibition zone of the combined extract was not more significant than the sum of the diameter of the inhibition zone of each extract. The conclusion of this study is the combination of the methanol extract of ketepeng cina leaves (C. alata) with six selected plant extracts has an additive/indifferent effect in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis.
References
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Cheesman, M. J., Ilanko, A., Blonk, B., & Cock, I. E. (2017). Developing New Antimicrobial Therapies : Are Synergistic Combinations of Plant Exctracts/Compounds with Conventional Antibiotics the Solution? Pharmacognosy Reviews, 11(22), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev
Chetia, J., Saikia, L. R., Upadhyaya, S., Khatiwora, E., & Bawri, A. (2021). Comparative Antimicrobial Study of Different Parts of Ocimum americanum L., O. basilicum L. and O. sanctum L. in Comparison to Standard Antibiotics Collected from Dibrugarh, Assam. Journal of Scientific Research, 13(1), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.47322
Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Mikrobiology Reviews, 12(4), 564–582.
Dermawan, A. M., Pratiwi, L., & Kusharyanti, I. (2015). Efektivitas Krim Antijerawat Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.). Traditional Medicine Journal, 20(3), 127–133. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22146/tradmedj.8851
Dubey, D., Sahu, M. C., & Naik, P. K. (2021). Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Leave Extract of Oroxylum indicum Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection. International Journal of Current Research and Review, 13(15), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131525
Ekom, S. E., Tamokou, J. D. D., & Kuete, V. (2022). Methanol Extract from The Seeds of Persea americana Displays Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities in Rat Model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 282, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114573
ESCMID, E. C. for A. S. T. (EUCAST) of the E. S. of C. M. and I. D. (ESCMID). (2000). Terminology Relating to Methods for the Determination of Susceptibility of Bacteria to Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6(9), 503–508. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00149.x
Eswari, J. S., Dha-Gat, S., Naik, S., & Dibya, S. (2018). Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Oroxylum indicum Extracts. Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing, 6(1), 7–14.
Fransisca, D., Kahanjak, D. N., & Frethernety, A. (2020). Uji aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dengan Metode Difusi Cakram Kirby-Bauer. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 4(1), 460–470. https://doi.org/10.36813/jplb.4.1.460-470
Giang, P. M., Son, P. T., Matsunami, K., & Otsuka, H. (2005). New Megastigmane Glucosides from Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. var. cochinchinensis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53(12), 1600–1603. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.1600
Haryati, S. D., Darmawati, S., & Wilson, W. (2017). Perbandingan Efek Ekstrak Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dengan Metode Disk dan Sumuran. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Publikasi Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, (September), 348–352.
Kitagawa, I., Simanjuntak, P., Hori, K., Nagami, N., Mahmud, T., Shibuya, H., & Kobayashi, M. (1994). Indonesian Medical Plants. Chemistry Pharmacy Bull, 42(5), 1050–1055.
Laishram, S., Pragasam, A. K., Bakthavatchalam, Y. D., & Veeraraghavan, B. (2017). An Update on Technical, Interpretative and Cinical Relevance of Antimicrobial Synergy Testing Methodologies. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 35(4), 445–468. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_189
Lathifah, Q. A., Turista, D. D. R., & Puspitasari, E. (2021). Daya Antibakteri Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, dan Klebsiella pneumonia. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 10(1), 29–34. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jak.v10i1.2718
Leite, J. J. G., Brito, É. H. S., Cordeiro, R. A., Brilhante, R. S. N., Sidrim, J. J. C., Bertini, L. M., … Rocha, M. F. G. (2009). Chemical Composition, Toxicity and Larvicidal and Antifungal Activities of Persea americana (avocado) Seed Extracts. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 42(2), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822009000200003
Lestari, R. T., Gifanda, L. Z., Kurniasari, E. L., Harwiningrum, R. P., Kelana, A. P. I., Fauziyah, K., … Priyandani, Y. (2021). Perilaku Mahasiswa Terkait Cara Mengatasi Jerawat. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas, 8(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.20473/jfk.v8i1.21922
Ngazizah, F. N., Ekowati, N., & Septiana, A. T. (2016). Potensi Daun Trembilungan (Begonia hirtella Link) sebagai Antibakteri dan Antifungi. Biosfera, 33(3), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2016.33.3.309
Nizar, M., & Monika, A. F. (2015). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sambang Darah (Excocaria cochinchinensis Lour) Fraksi N-Heksan, Fraksi Etil Asetat dan Fraksi Air Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli. Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekes Palembang, 11(2), 216–223.
Oktariza, S., Ma’ruf, Y., & Etika, S. B. (2013). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Flavonoid dari Daun Sambang Darah (Excoecaria cochinchinensis L). Chemistry Journal of State University of Padang, 2(2), 22–27.
Paul, B., Mitra, P., Ghosh, T., Salhan, R., Singh, T. A., Chakrabarti, A., … Mitra, P. K. (2013). Isolation and Structural Determination of an Anti Bacterial Constituent from the Leaves of Cassia alata Linn. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(1), 326–333.
Sabir, A. (2005). Aktivitas Antibakteri Flavonoid Propolis Trigona sp Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans (in vitro) (In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids Trigona sp Propolis Against Streptococcus mutans). Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi), 38(3), 135. https://doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v38.i3.p135-141
Yamani, H. A., Pang, E. C., Mantri, N., & Deighton, M. A. (2016). Antimicrobial Activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Essential Oil and Their Major Constituents against Three Species of Bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00681
Yang, S.-K., Yusoff, K., Mai, C.-W., Lim, W.-M., Yap, W.-S., Lim, S.-H. E., & Lai, K.-S. (2017). Additivity vs. Synergism: Investigation of The Additive Interaction of Cinnamon Bark Oil and Meropenem in Combinatory Therapy. Molecules, 22(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111733
Yang, X., Summerhurst, D. K., Koval, S. F., Ficker, C., Smith, M. L., & Bernards, M. A. (2001). Isolation of an Antimicrobial Compound from Impatiens balsamina L. Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation. Phytotherapy Research, 15(8), 676–680. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.906
Zahrah, H., Mustika, A., & Debora, K. (2018). Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Perubahan Morfologi dari Propionibacterium acnes Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Curcuma Xanthorrhiza. Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana, 20(3), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v20i3.2018.160-169
